Day: November 8, 2018

Vietnam’s Bamboo Airways Expects to Get Aviation License Next Week

Vietnam’s new carrier Bamboo Airways expects to finally get an aviation license next week and start flying within weeks, the chairman of its parent firm said on Thursday.

The airline had to delay its maiden flight on Oct. 10 because it didn’t receive a license in time.

“Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc has approved the proposal from the Ministry of Transport to issue the license to the airline,” Trinh Van Quyet, chairman of FLC Group, told Reuters by phone.

“We will launch our first flight within 45 days after receiving the license,” Quyet said. “Receiving the license would allow Bamboo to start services.”

Bamboo Airways would be Vietnam’s fifth airline after Vietnam Airlines, budget operator Jetstar Pacific Airlines, budget carrier Vietjet Aviation and Vietnam Air Services Co.

Bamboo Airways signed a provisional deal to buy 20 Boeing 787-9 wide-body jets worth $5.6 billion at list prices in July, as well as a memorandum of understanding with Airbus for up to 24 A320neo narrow-bodies in March.

Last week, Vietjet signed a $6.5 billion agreement to buy 50 Airbus A321neo jets, part of aggressive investment in the airline’s fleet, which has provided lucrative business for both European aerospace group Airbus and U.S. rival Boeing.

 

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Google Reforms Sexual Misconduct Rules

Google is promising to be more forceful and open about its handling of sexual misconduct cases, a week after high-paid engineers and others walked out in protest over its male-dominated culture.

CEO Sundar Pichai spelled out the concessions in an email sent Thursday to Google employees. The note of contrition came a week after the tech giant’s workers left their cubicles in dozens of offices around the world to protest management’s treatment of top executives and other male workers accused of sexual harassment and other misconduct involving men. The protest’s organizers estimated about 17,000 workers participated in the walkout .

“Google’s leaders and I have heard your feedback and have been moved by the stories you’ve shared,” Pichai wrote in his email. “We recognize that we have not always gotten everything right in the past and we are sincerely sorry for that. It’s clear we need to make some changes.” Pichai’s email was obtained by The Associated Press.

Google bowed to one of the protesters’ main demands by dropping mandatory arbitration of all sexual misconduct cases. That will now be optional under the new policies. It mirrors a change made by ride-hailing service Uber after the complaints of its women employees prompted an internal investigation concluding its rank had been poisoned by rampant sexual harassment

Google will also provide more details about sexual misconduct cases in internal reports available to all employees. The breakdowns will include the number of cases that were substantiated within various company departments and list the types of punishment imposed, including firings, pay cuts and mandated counseling.

The company is also stepping up its training aimed at preventing misconduct, requiring all employees to go through the process annually instead of every other year. Those who fall behind in their training, including top executives, will be dinged in their annual performance reviews, leaving a blemish that could lower their pay and make it more difficult to get promoted.

The reforms are the latest fallout from a broader societal backlash against men’s exploitation of their women subordinates in business, entertainment and politics — a movement that has spawned the “MeToo” hashtag as a sign of unity and a call for change.

Google got caught in the crosshairs two weeks ago after The New York Times detailed allegations of sexual misconduct about the creator of Google’s Android software, Andy Rubin. The newspaper said Rubin received a $90 million severance package in 2014 after Google concluded the accusations were credible. Rubin has denied the allegations.

Like its Silicon Valley peers, Google has already openly acknowledged that its workforce is too heavily concentrated with white and Asian men, especially in the highest paying executive and computer programming jobs. Women account for 31 percent of Google’s employees worldwide, and it’s lower for leadership roles.

Critics believe that gender imbalance as created a “brogammer” culture akin to a college fraternity house that treats women as sex objects. As part of its ongoing efforts, Google will now require at least one woman or a non-Asian ethnic minority to be included on the list of candidates for executive jobs.

Google isn’t addressing another one of the protesters’ grievance because it believes it doesn’t have merit. The protesters demanded that women be paid the same as men for doing similar work, something that Google has steadfastly maintained that it has been doing for years.

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Space Rock Fly-By Still Making Headlines

Readers with a science bent have likely seen at least one headline about a research paper proposing that the mysterious little space rock with a really funny name that zoomed between the Sun and Mercury last year might have alien origins.

The research paper is from Harvard University, the Ivy’est of Ivy League schools. The Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, to be exact.

So could it be that the object, called Oumuamua, Hawaiian for ‘scout’, is truly some kind of alien artifact, or an actual space probe sent to spy on all us Earthlings?

Hate to be a bummer, but no!

Let’s throw away our scientific and journalist objectivity for a moment and admit that most people want the answer to be ‘yes.’

That’s why scientists spend so much time looking for extrasolar planets that are like Earth, and why we want to get closer looks at Mars, and send probes to Europa or Enceladus or any place with oceans of liquid water. Researchers and astronomers all want some proof that humans are not all alone in the universe.

But in this case, based on conversations VOA has had with astronomers, and based on everything scientists know about space rocks, comets, and asteroids, Oumuamua doesn’t seem to be acting much differently than any other space rock out there in the void.

But here’s what scisntists do know about Oumuamua, and that might help explain why some scientists are so excited about it, whether it offers proof of alien intelligence or not.

Oumuamua was the first interstellar object to visit our solar system. That means it came from another star system like our own. It flew between Mercury and the Sun in November 2017, almost exactly a year ago.

It moved really quickly, at about 136-thousand kilometers per hour. Michele Bannister from Queen’s College in Belfast told VOA that scientists only had about three weeks to get a good look at it.

Credit: NASA

Oumuamua is reddish, and about 400 meters long. However, it’s 10 times longer than it is wide, so basically it looks a bit like a giant, dirty interstellar icicle. In space terms, 400 meters is tiny, so just finding the thing was a big win for astronomers.

“For decades we’ve theorized that such interstellar objects are out there,” says NASA’s Thomas Zurbuchen “and now―for the first time―we have direct evidence they exist.”

That’s really interesting, but how did the whole “aliens” thing get started? Well, it turns out that Oumuamua is definitely ‘unusual’ in that it isn’t just ambling through the galaxy. It’s changing speed and direction by itself. Bannister calls this “non-gravitational acceleration.”

It turns out that’s not particularly strange or even unusual. Bannister says this rock is likely filled with the kinds of things that comets and asteroids generally have in abundance. Carbon monoxide, for instance or cyanide. If so, when they get close to the sun and get warm, these gases shoot out like jets in a process called sublimation. This is likely what made Oumuamua look like it was acting under its own power, because it was in a way.

Here’s how NASA explains this outgassing acceleration:

Credit: NASA

We’ll never really know

But that perfectly reasonable explanation didn’t stop Harvard scientists Shmuel Bialy and Abraham Loeb from putting forth a few possible alternate possibilities for Oumuamua, including one that suggests our interstellar space rock was a lightsail, a giant sail that uses energy from the sun instead of wind to push a vehicle through space.

They suggest this might be a possibility because some other studies suggest our interstellar wanderer isn’t a comet and isn’t doing any outgassing. Hence the solar sail idea. And the team does the math to show how Oumuamua might fit the bill.

The other possibility put forward by Bialy and Loeb is that “Oumuamua may be a fully operational probe sent intentionally to Earth vicinity by an alien civilization.” They do the math here as well to show how Oumuamua’s trajectory might make sense if it was aimed our way.

It’s important to note that the paper hasn’t been peer reviewed yet, which is the process all scientific research goes through before it gets published by reputable journals like Science, or Nature. That means other scientists in the same field read it over, give input and check on its validity. So we’ll see what happens with this paper.

But as far as Oumuamua goes, it’s too small for even our best telescopes to get a look at, so researchers have all the information they’ll ever have.

But don’t worry, there are likely a lot more Oumuamua’s out there. “The galaxy is filled with flying rocks,” Bannister says. “Trillions upon trillions” of space rocks, ranging in size from a “skyscraper” to a planet, are likely roaming around the galaxy. And if we’re lucky, Bannister says we should be able to see about one a year.

So, in a way the Earth is getting visitors from other stars, but they’re just random rocks passing through. So, no aliens, but still pretty really great science.

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Netflix Plans to Make 17 More Original Productions in Asia

Netflix Inc plans to make 17 more original productions in Asia as it seeks to boost international subscriber numbers, Chief Content Officer Ted Sarandos said on Thursday.

The plan, announced at Netflix’s content showcase event in Singapore, comes after the U.S. firm reported bumper quarterly earnings last month, driven by gains in international subscribers.

Netflix exceeded forecasts in both the U.S. and international markets, with the bulk of new subscribers coming from outside the United States where the company has been investing aggressively.

The firm has earmarked $8 billion for content this year, and has spent $6.9 billion as at the end of its third quarter.

In Asia, led by India, Netflix has won fans among a young, tech-savvy middle class, helped by a roster that includes top-grossing movie franchise Baahubali.

Chief Executive Reed Hastings has said India could deliver the service’s next 100 million subscribers.

Netflix scored a hit in India with Mumbai-based crime thriller Sacred Games. However, the Bollywood studio that produced the show disbanded last month after sexual harassment allegations against one of its partners, Vikas Bahl, and the show’s lead writer, Varun Grover. Both men have denied the allegations.

Netflix later backed the series for a second season.

At the end of September, Netflix had 137 million subscribers to its movie and TV streaming service worldwide. It began stocking its library with original films just three years ago.

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Tesla Says Robyn Denholm of Telstra to be new Board Chair

Tesla said Thursday that its new board chair replacing Elon Musk will be Robyn Denholm of Australia’s Telstra.

 

The appointment to the full-time position takes effect immediately though Denholm will leave Telstra, Australia’s biggest telecoms company, after a six-month notice period. Denholm already is on Tesla’s board.

 

Musk agreed to vacate his post as board chairman as part of a settlement with U.S. regulators of a lawsuit alleging he duped investors with misleading statements about a proposed buyout of the company.

 

The settlement in late September with the Securities and Exchange Commission allowed Musk to remain CEO of Tesla but required him to relinquish his role as chairman for at least three years.

 

Apart from appointing a new chairman, Tesla was required to appoint two new independent members to its board. The aim is to provide stronger oversight to match Tesla’s growing stature and market value.

 

The charismatic, visionary Musk has strived to turn Tesla into a profitable, mass-market producer of environmentally-friendly electric cars. But his impulsive streak caused him trouble when he tweeted in August that he had “funding secured” for taking Tesla private.

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Spelling Bees in India: When Words Have the Power to Change Life

How do you spell success? For T.V. Ramakrishna, it’s spelled B-E-E. The retired civil engineer from Bangalore had the opportunity to attend college in the United States, where he settled and raised a family. He became familiar with spelling bees, in which students spell increasingly difficult words to win prizes like college scholarships. Those competitions inspired him to start a similar program in Bangalore, to give poor kids there a way to improve their English language skills and advance their educational opportunities.

Education opens doors

Ramakrishna was the youngest of seven kids, raised by a poor widow, who was lucky enough to have caring adults around him who helped him pursue an education.

Motivated by his teacher’s encouragement, he worked hard in school, won scholarships and went to college. Eventually, he came the United States, where he received his doctorate degree in civil engineering. He settled in West Virginia and had a successful professional and family life.

When he retired, he returned to Bangalore with his wife, Vijaya, and in 1998, founded the nonprofit Sahasra Deepika Foundation for Education.

Thousand lights of hope

Sahasra Deepika is a Sanskrit word that means 1,000 lights, explained Ramakrishna’s daughter, Sarva Rajendra. 

“My father looks at it as 1,000 lights of hope, love and compassion for children in need,” she added. “And he’s always believed that if each one of us would light the life of just one child in need, the world would change for the better.”

Rajendra, who serves as the foundation’s president, says her father’s goal is to help poor children in his hometown get a good education. In the past 20 years, Sahasra Deepika has helped hundreds of impoverished children, especially girls.

In 2009, the foundation expanded its programs to reach even more children in underserved government schools and help them improve their English language skills.

“Bangalore is a very cosmopolitan city, and if you don’t know English and you only know the native language of Kannada, you’re at a disadvantage to get a good job, even as a driver or anything like that,” Rajendra explained. “So, my father remembered seeing the National Spelling Bee in the U.S. so he kind of thought, why not use the words to reach more children in poor government schools. My Mom went to different schools and encouraged them to participate and this is how the program grew.”

​‘Bee the Future’

Last year, about 2,500 students from 25 schools took part in the competition. Winners get college scholarships and other prizes and opportunities offered by the sponsoring corporations.

“The scholarship to college is really, really an important prize for that child because they come from the lowest ranks of the society,” Rajendra explained. “To be able to get through and get the scholarship to the next stage is really a springboard for their future success.”

To celebrate the program’s 10th anniversary, Rajendra asked filmmaker Monika Samtani to produce a documentary about it. She traveled to Bangalore with a camera crew and a definite idea about how to craft the story.

“You can imagine what happens,” Samtani said. “Kids get on the stage, they spell a word. They win or lose. That’s not the approach we wanted to take. We wanted to hear the story, the journey of the children because that’s what makes it so special. We wanted to get their parents. We wanted to film their homes.”

So her film, Bee the Future, follows several students as they’re preparing for and going through the competition.

The students were chosen at random before the spelling bee took place, Samtani said.

“We wanted to see the process that they were going through, practicing at the school, practicing at home, early in the morning, late in the night, the intensity with which they practiced and also how important it was to their family,” she said. “So getting a sense of what this meant to them by going to their homes and schools.”

Turning points

One of those randomly selected kids, Priyanka Dodamani, won the competition.

Not only did she get a scholarship, she got an invitation to attend the U.S. National Spelling Bee in Washington.

“When we asked her, what is it that you want to do now?’” Samtani recalled, “She said, ‘I want to go right back to my village and have the opportunity to improve my village.’ It’s a turning point in her life. She wants to use her success to not only her advantage, but the greater community.”

Samtani, who was a reporter before starting her production company and becoming a filmmaker, says producing Bee the Future has also been a turning point for her in a way. She’s more determined than ever to keep creating documentaries that inspire and empower people, especially women, around the world.

As for the Sahasra Deepika Foundation, the success of the spelling bees has filled the program organizers with confidence that they can reach more children and inspire them to embark on the exciting journey that spells success for their future.

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When Words Have the Power to Change Life

School students across the U.S. are familiar with spelling bees. On stage, in front of an audience of fellow students and judges, participating students compete by spelling difficult words. These competitions inspired T.V. Ramakrishna to start a similar contest for poor kids in Bangalore, India. A new documentary, “Bee the Future,” captures the essence of this program. Faiza Elmasry tells us more about the film, the contest and the dream behind it. Faith Lapidus narrates.

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Experts Turn Old Coal Mines into Carbon-Sucking Forests

Dramatic steps are needed to avoid potentially catastrophic levels of global warming, says the latest report from the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Experts say nature provides some of the best ways to pull planet-warming carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Restoring forests is one route. In West Virginia, where strip mines scarred the earth, experts are working to bring back the forests that once covered vast swaths of the Appalachian Mountains. VOA’s Steve Baragona has more.

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Red Bull Drawn in Indonesian Cave Dates to 40,000 Years Ago

Scientists have found the oldest known example of an animal drawing: a red silhouette of a bull-like beast on the wall of an Indonesian cave. 

The sketch is at least 40,000 years old, slightly older than similar animal paintings found in famous caves in France and Spain. Until a few years ago, experts believed Europe was where our ancestors started drawing animals and other figures. 

But the age of the drawing reported Wednesday in the journal Nature, along with previous discoveries in Southeast Asia, suggests that figurative drawing appeared in both continents about the same time. 

The new findings fuel discussions about whether historical or evolutionary events prompted this near-simultaneous “burst of human creativity,” said lead author Maxime Aubert, an archaeologist and geochemist at Griffith University in Australia. 

The remote limestones caves on Borneo have been known to contain prehistoric drawings since the 1990s. To reach them, Aubert and his team used machetes to hack through thick jungle in a verdant corner of the island. 

Search for specific minerals

Strapping on miners’ helmets to illuminate the darkness, they walked and crawled through miles of caves decorated with hundreds of ancient designs, looking for artwork that could be dated. They needed to find specific mineral deposits on the drawings to determine their age with technology that measures decay of the element uranium. 

“Most of the paintings we actually can’t sample,” said Aubert. 

Aubert and his fellow researchers reported in 2014 on cave art from the neighboring Indonesian island of Sulawesi. They dated hand stencils, created by blowing red dye through a tube to capture the outline of a hand pressed against rock, to almost 40,000 years ago. 

Now, with the Borneo cave art, the scientists can construct a rough timeline of how art developed in the area. In addition to the bull, which is about 5 feet (1.5 meters) wide, they dated red- and purple-colored hand stencils and cave paintings of human scenes. 

After large animal drawings and stencils, “it seems the focus shifted to showing the human world,” Aubert said. 

Around 14,000 years ago, the cave-dwellers began to regularly sketch human figures doing things like dancing and hunting, often wearing large headdresses. A similar transition in rock art subjects happened in the caves of Europe. 

“That’s very cool, from a human point of view,” said Peter Veth, an archaeologist at the University of Western Australia, who was not involved in the study. “People adopted similar strategies in different environments as they became more modern.” 

​Did migrants bring skills?

The island of Borneo was still connected to mainland Southeast Asia when the first figurative drawings were made about 40,000 years ago — which is also about the time that the first modern humans arrived in Europe. The earliest drawings of animals in the French cave of Chauvet have been dated to about 33,500 to 37,000 years ago. 

Whether new waves of people migrating from Africa brought the skills of figurative cave painting with them, or whether these arts emerged later, remains unclear.

Scientists have only a partial record of global rock art. The earliest cave etchings have been found in Africa and include abstract designs, like crosshatches, dating to around 73,000 years ago. 

The next stage of research in Indonesia will include excavations to learn more about the people who made these paintings. A few sites have already been identified, containing human bones, prehistoric jewelry and remains of small animals. 

As for the red bull, its meaning remains a mystery. 

“We think it wasn’t just food for them — it meant something special,” said Aubert. 

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